美乌动力同伴干系打算建筑五座新反响堆

乌克兰和美国已同意“深化和增强”两国在能源范畴的计谋互助。核电牵头与赫梅利尼茨基 4 号机组的项目告竣了一系列协议，随后是四台新的 AP1000 机组，总代价为 300 亿美元。

美国能源部长詹妮弗·格兰霍姆说，昨天在华盛顿特区签订的协议标记着“与乌克兰的天气和能源互助的新篇章”。乌克兰能源部长赫尔曼·加卢申科说：“我们有配合的目的，此中要害是能源部分的脱碳以及在东欧实现高程度的能源宁静和稳健。”

乌克兰总统泽连斯基访问美国时期，两国签订了关于增强双边能源和睦候互助的团结声明。它指出：“参加者计划通过订定和实行一项全面的能源部分打算，高兴使乌克兰经济脱碳，确保其能源宁静和出口潜力，该打算划定在核能、太阳能和风能、氢能、能源范畴开展互利互助。存储、碳捕捉使用和存储、网络和物理宁静以及其他供需方技能。”

新反响堆

实现这些配合目的的要害将是通过美国技能和反响堆提供商西屋电气与乌克兰核运营商 Energoatom 之间的项目来扩大乌克兰的核电。他们之间的互助备忘录由西屋公司总裁兼首席实行官帕特里克·弗拉格曼和 Energoatom 署理总裁彼得·科廷签订。

作为一个“试点项目”，Energoatom 和西屋公司假想配合完成赫梅利尼茨基核电站的第四座反响堆。该反响堆于 1987 年作为 VVER 设计反响堆开始，但设置装备摆设在完成 28% 时故步自封，乌克兰多年来一向盼望完成它。两家公司打算“利用 AP1000 技能”完成它，但没有解说怎样将两种大相径庭的压水反响堆设计联合起来。

Energoatom 和 Westinghouse 还估计将在现有的乌克兰核电厂建筑四台新的 AP1000 机组。依据他们的声明，这些和 Khmelnitsky 4 的总代价高达 300 亿美元。

西屋电气表现，这些项目将“为 Energoatom 和乌克兰提供采购、设置装备摆设、允许、运营、维护和当地化的利益”。加卢申科说：“深化 Energoatom 与西屋电气的同伴干系将有助于增强我国的能源宁静。我们将以能源宁静和国度独立为重点，扩大与美国公司的互助。”

AP1000 机组的容量约为 1150 MWe，此中 5 台将使乌克兰的核电容量从现在的 13,100 MWe 增添到 17,700 MWe。国际能源署 2018 年的数据评释，云云范围的扩张大概会使核能提供乌克兰高达 72% 的电力，并使其可以选择淘汰现在从煤炭中得到的 31% 或从自然气中得到的 7%。

原文阅读：

Ukraine and the USA have agreed to "deepen and intensify" their strategic cooperation in energy. Nuclear power leads a suite of agreements with a project to complete Khmelnitsky unit 4, followed up with four new AP1000 units at a total value of USD30 billion.

Agreements signed in Washington DC yesterday signalled "a new chapter of climate and energy cooperation with Ukraine," US Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm said. Her counterpart, the energy minister of Ukraine Herman Galushchenko, said, "We have common goals, among which the key is the decarbonisation of the energy sector and the achievement of a high level of energy security and stability in Eastern Europe."

The countries signed a joint statement on enhancing bilateral energy and climate cooperation during a visit to the USA by Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky. It states: "The participants intend to work to decarbonise Ukraine's economy and ensure its energy security and export potential by developing and implementing a comprehensive energy sector plan, one that provides for mutually beneficial cooperation in nuclear energy, solar and wind energy, hydrogen, energy storage, carbon capture utilisation and storage, cyber and physical security, and other supply and demand-side technologies."

New reactors

Key to achieving these joint goals will be the expansion of nuclear power in Ukraine by way of a project between US technology and reactor vendor Westinghouse and Ukraine's nuclear operator Energoatom. A Memorandum of Cooperation between them was signed by Patrick Fragman, Westinghouse president and CEO, and Petro Kotin, acting president of Energoatom.

As a "pilot project", Energoatom and Westinghouse envisage jointly completing the fourth reactor at the Khmelnitsky nuclear power plant. This reactor started out as a VVER design reactor in 1987, but construction stalled at 28% completion and Ukraine has wanted to finish it for many years. The companies plan to complete it "using AP1000 technology" but did not explain how the two very different designs of pressurised water reactor would be combined.

Energoatom and Westinghouse also foresee four new AP1000 units being built at existing Ukrainian nuclear power plants. The total value of these and Khmelnitsky 4 is up to USD30 billion, according to their statements.

Westinghouse said the projects would "provide Energoatom and Ukraine with procurement, construction, licensing, operation, maintenance and localisation benefits." Galushchenko said, "Deepening Energoatom's partnership with Westinghouse will help strengthen our country's energy security. We will expand cooperation with the American company with a focus on energy security and independence of our state."

AP1000 units have a capacity of around 1150 MWe and five of them would take Ukraine's nuclear generation capacity from today's 13,100 MWe to 17,700 MWe. International Energy Agency figures for 2018 indicate that expansion on this scale could see nuclear providing as much as 72% of Ukraine's electricity and giving it the option to reduce the 31% it currently gets from coal or the 7% it gets from natural gas.